Chapter 07
Test automation Framework & V Model
What is a Test automation Framework?
A test automation framework is a set of guidelines and principles for designing, implementing, and maintaining test automation scripts. It serves as a structure for organizing and executing automated tests. The main goal of a test automation framework is to make test automation more efficient, maintainable, and reusable. It can include a combination of tools, practices, and processes to help manage the test automation process. Some common elements of a test automation framework include a test runner, assertion libraries, and a reporting mechanism.
Test Automation Frameworks
Linear Automation Framework: This is the most basic type of test automation framework, where tests are executed in a linear, sequential manner. It does not provide any reusable components or functions, and each test must be written from scratch.
Modular Based Testing Framework: In this framework, the application is divided into smaller, independent modules, and each module is tested separately. This allows for more modularity and reusability in the test automation process.
Library Architecture Testing Framework: This framework utilizes an object-oriented approach and a library of functions and classes to perform test automation. It allows for the creation of reusable components and functions, making the test automation process more efficient and maintainable.
Keyword-Driven Framework: In this framework, the focus is on the keywords or actions that are used to interact with the application under test. Tests are created by combining these keywords in a logical manner to achieve the desired test outcome.
Data-Driven Framework: This framework separates the test data from the test script, allowing the same test to be executed multiple times with different sets of data. This approach is useful for testing the application's ability to handle different types of inputs and data.
Hybrid Testing Framework: This framework combines elements from other frameworks to create a customized solution. It allows for the use of different automation techniques, such as data-driven testing and keyword-driven testing, in a single test automation process.
What is V Model
V Model is a software development methodology that is based on the V-shaped life cycle. The V-shape represents the sequence of the different phases of the software development process, with the left side of the V representing the planning and analysis phases, and the right side of the V representing the design and testing phases.
The V Model emphasizes the importance of testing throughout the software development process, with corresponding tests being developed and executed at each phase of the process. This ensures that any defects or issues are identified and resolved as early as possible in the development cycle, reducing the overall cost and effort required to correct them.
The V Model is considered a “verification and validation” model, because it ensures that the product is developed according to the specifications and that it meets the requirements of the customer. It is widely used in safety-critical industries, such as aerospace and defense, and can be applied to both traditional Waterfall and Agile development methodologies.
The V Model consists of several phases:
Requirements gathering and analysis
Design
Implementation
Verification (unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing)
Maintenance
Each phase of the V Model is connected to the corresponding testing phase, so that the testing is done in parallel with the development. This allows for early detection and correction of defects, resulting in a higher-quality final product.
What is V & V
Verification and validation (V&V) are two separate but closely related concepts in the V-model of software development. Verification refers to the process of ensuring that a product, service, or system meets specified requirements. This can be done through techniques such as reviews, inspections, and testing. Validation, on the other hand, refers to the process of evaluating a system or component during or at the end of the development process to determine whether it satisfies the specified requirements. This can be done through techniques such as testing, demonstrations, and inspections. Together, verification and validation help ensure that a software system is fit for its intended purpose and meets the needs of its users.
V Model Applications
V model is more applicable for the projects where the:
Requirements are well defined, clearly documented and fixed.
Product definition is stable.
Technology is not dynamic and is well understood by the project team.
There are no ambiguous or undefined requirements.
The project is short.
V-Model - Pros and Cons
Pros
very easy to understand and apply.
easier to manage.
Works well for smaller projects where requirements are very well understood.
Cons
High risk and uncertainty.
Not a good model for complex and object-oriented projects.
Poor model for long and ongoing projects.
Not suitable for the projects where requirements are at a moderate to high risk of changing.
Last updated
